反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。

反身代词

fǎn shēn dài cí

[reflexive pronoun]

如：

（1）A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.

翻译：一只做了标记的蜜蜂从盘中喂饱 自己以后就飞回蜂箱了。（itself 与 bee 在人称、性质、数字上保持一致）

（2）In 1955 Walt Disney himself opened the first Disney park.

翻译：1955年，沃尔特.迪士尼亲自创办了第一个迪士尼公园。（himself 与 Walt Disney 在人称、性质、数上保持一致）构成

1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如：

I--myself　we--ourselves you（单数）-- yourself　you（复数）-- yourselves

2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如：

she--herself　 he --himself it--itself　 they--themselves　one--oneself

一、反身代词的基本形式

反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。

二、oneself与himself

当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：

One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。

三、反身代词的句法功能：

1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，仅放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)：

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。

You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。

Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。

Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。

You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。

Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。

2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：

Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。

He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。

He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。

The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。

She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。

Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。

The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。

She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情况是这样的。

He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。

3. 用作表语

The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。

Mary hasn't quite been herself recently. 玛丽近来感到不适。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。

【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：

I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

I’ll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好。

4. 用作主语。在现代英语中，一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)：

My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。

Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。

He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。

·反身代词不能做主语，但可作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：

我自己去了电影院。

错：Myself went to the cinema .

对：I went to the cinema myself.

·反身代词可以作宾语的同位语

You can go and ask John himself.翻译：你可以去问约翰本人。

·反身代词可以作介词的宾语。

by oneself 全靠自己；

say to oneself 自言自语。

She learnt swimming all by herself.

她是自学游泳的。

她自言自语的说：“我是谁？”

·反身代词作动词的宾语

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；

help oneself (to) 随便用……；

hurt oneself 伤害自己；

teach oneself 自学；

get dressed oneself 自己穿衣

seat oneself 就坐

1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves（selves-是当形容词性物主代词为复数时才用的）构成的。如：my--myself　our--ourselves you（单数）-- yourself　you（复数）-- yourselves

2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves（selves-是当形容词性物主代词为复数时才用的）构成的。如：her--herself　him --himself it--itself　them--themselves　one--oneself