俚语是指民间非正式、较口语的语句,是百姓在日常生活中总结出来的
通俗易懂顺口的具有地方色彩的词语。地域性强,较生活化。英语俚语是英语中常用语言,通常用在非正式的场合。
简介
在外国学英语,最有趣的大概就是可以听到很多
俚语。 很多时候光听那些句子, 好像不容易马上会意出来他们在说什么, 听了几次后, 就慢慢可以了解这些俚语的含意了。不过, 不管什么语言, 都应该考虑到说话的对象、场合与时间, 有些俚语并不适合在正式的场合用。如:
a (good) kay and a half:
One and a half kilometres; the distance to anywhere from anywhere else; a long way.
Example: Where's Christie's Beach? About a kay and a half that way.
How far are we from home? We'd be a good kay and a half, I reckon.
A Buck One-Eighty:
You have A Buck Three-Eighty. I have always heard it this way--so there's a variant.
Example: Wonder if a buck three-eighty is actually the same amount as a buck one-eighty?
a buck three eighty:
The price for anything.
Example: Q: How much is this, sir? A: That's a buck three eighty.
a case of the ass or redass:
Highly annoyed, pissed off. Currently used in US Army.
Example: Sergeant Greenfield has this huge case of the ass with me ever since I wrecked his humvee.
a couple two three:
I guess this means two or three. (We don't say this in Chicago. It's a weird thing they say out west or something.)
Example: He had a couple two three dogs in his yard.
a dollar three eightyfive:
A nonsensical price for when one does not want to give the real price.
Example: How much did my Lexus cost? A dollar three eightyfive.
a double:
A twenty dollar bill.
Example: I've got eighty dollars on me, all I need is a double to make it a hundred.
[A double sawbuck is a twenty. Read Dashiell Hammett or Raymond Chandler to see fin, sawbuck, and double sawbuck in action.]
a fin:
Five dollars. (Gamblers use it for $500.)
Example: All I have is a fin and two dollars in change in my pocket.
a freddy: a pint of beer, more specifically a pint of heineken, named after the late freddy heineken
Example: Two freddys and a ginger ale, please.
a happy Birthday:
A phrase mostly used by guys when they catch themselves in a situation when
a girl exposes some part of her anatomy without knowing it, clothed or not.
Usually happens at the gym.
Example: Did you see that girl's shirt? Now that is a happy birthday.
A List:
The people at school who are cooler than anyone else in the school.
Example: I'm not cool enough to go out with her--she's A list.
a Monet:
Someone who is very good looking from a distance, yet from up close the attraction diminishes.
Example: He was hot from afar, but he turned out to be a Monet when I went up to speak.
a mouse in his pocket:
Phrase used to describe someone large, probably very strong, but intensely stupid. From _Of Mice and Men_[?]
Example: We've got a new guy at work who worries me; I swear I think he's got a mouse in his pocket.
a nifty:
A fifty dollar bill.
Example: I borrowed a nifty from my mom and she upped it five bucks more.Now I owe her fifty-five dollars.
a pig in your pocket:
Used when a person doesn't want to assist another.
Example: What do you mean we? Is there a pig in your pocket?
a sims moment:
Brief moment in which you can relate something in real life to something in the computer simulation game The Sims. Usually occurs after rounds of playing said game.
Example: I'm having a sims moment. This kitchen looks almost like what I did in The Sims last night.
a sleeve:
A hundred dollar bill.
Example: I got seven hundred dollars, all in sleeves.
a solid:
A favor.
Example: Do me a solid and send me that website link.
a whole 'nother:An entirely different. I've noticed this phrase in the vocabulary of many people of various backgrounds and have even heard it on national TV, but I have yet to see it written down (before now).
Example: That's a whole 'nother story.
A's and C's:n. (plural) abbr. of Arts and Crafts. Slang form, creative endeavour.
Example: They're letting me out of that place today so I can do some A's and C's.
A'stake:
A mistake, (Thanks, Erin.)
Example: I'm sorry, I made a'stake.
A-Bag:
Real estate exchanger term meaning a keeper property that would not be traded off without a substantial advantage gained.
Example: That's a good property--it's A-Bag.
A-D-orable:
Really adorable and cute.
Example: Look at that guy, he's A-D-orable!
a-dollar-three-eighty:
The price for anything.
Example: Question: How much is it? Answer: A-dollar-three-eighty.
a-game:
To do your best effort possible in any endeavor, not just pertaining to sports.
Example: I didn't do to well on that test last week, next time I'm going to bring my A-game.
俚语词汇
1=one=wun=one luv=peace=见面告别都可使用
187=美国谋杀案的代号,killa
105=Atlanta
212=NYC
213=LBC=Long Beach City
长滩,西岸的hip-hip重镇,
G-funk在这边得到升华
40 cal=calico=枪
44=fo' fo'=枪
45=fo' fifth=枪
90 Ruger=P 90=枪
9=Tech Nine=机关枪,有个弹舌rapper就叫tech n9ne,那速度怎个快字了得..有兴趣的自行utube
5=500=five double O=奔驰5系
6=600=six double O=奔驰6系
6 feet deep=坟墓
64=six fo'=64年的雪弗兰Impala车,西岸的常拿着改装成low rider
65=65年的Impala车
16(40) bars=flow的速度
5-O=po po=pig=jakes=警察
A
A-town=Atlanta
A-town stomp=一种源于Atlanta的舞步,在Young Bloodz的Damn的video里可以看到
A.K.A=also known as=又叫做
aiight=alright=all right,口语经常说。。
Azn=Asian
ain't=are not=is not=did not=have/has not=am not
B
Back in the day 过去
BK=Brooklyn,纽约布鲁克林
BX=Bronk,纽约布兰克斯
bang或bang bang 开枪或叉叉
birthday suit=裸体
behind bars=坐牢
blow trees=抽麻,tree经常制大,麻
burner=枪
bump heads=干架
beef=rappa之间不好的关系
break sb off=和某人**并使其达到高潮
bone=小jj
beamer=BMW,宝马
birdbrain=脑子笨的人
baby mama=不是指妈妈,而是女友
blunt=大,麻
boo=情人,爱人比如usher跟alicia keys的一首我爱你,你爱我的歌---my boo
booty=屁股
C
crib=家
chrome=亮的车轮圈
cocky=自大的
Chevy=Chvrolet雪弗兰
cop=1-警察;2-买
crack=快克,一种du品
Cris=Cristal=一种香槟酒
chill=1-冷静;2-呆着,不做任何事,休息
chillin=cool
coochie=pussy,bb
cheese=bread=cake=钱
Chucks=Converse的布鞋,西海岸的G常穿的
ching ching=钱
celly=cellphone
chedda=钱
chuuch=yeah(Pimp们用的)
D
dubs=车的轮圈,20inch以上的。。上次搞错了,以为是钱。。。
doe=dough=钱
drama=同beef
drop-top=能敞篷的车
dope=du品
dirt=不好的事情
diss=to disrespect
do bids=坐牢
E
E pills=extasy=X=一种药,du品
F
fly=有魅力的
Feds=Federal Agents=联邦特工
flip da script=改变状况
figga=figure
fire=特别好
Fade :爆炸头
Fat :生活过得很滋润
Fell Off :下滑,衰弱了。。比如说West Coast Is Fellin' off
fire up :很生气,怒火冲天
Five 0:警察叔叔
Flex:要开始干架的那种状态
Flick :电影的另一种说法
Fresh :很受欢迎喜爱的
Funky:就是比如DRE的Beat听起来很FUNKY很舒服。。也可以说高潮让你很Funky。。囧
flow=rap的方式
fa sho=for sure=肯定
fa real=for real=真的
fvck with sb=1-与某人**;2-与某人作对
G
go down=1-发生;2-**
gators=鳄鱼皮的皮鞋,pimp穿的
gutter=肮脏的
groupie=狂热的女歌迷,比如Cham的一首歌名就叫G.R.O.U.P.I.E
ghetto=geto=1-简单的,简陋的;2-贫民区
ganja=大,麻
grill=牙
grind=跳舞;on da grind-doin my thing
get crunk=在club闹到最high
G-string=thong=丁字内裤
G-5=G 500=Benz的G系列SUV
GangBang:轮Jiang。。
get down :中枪而亡
get your back :保护你
H
hella=hell of=很,很多的
hydro=dro=用水泵抽的大,麻
hollw tips=子.弹头
hydraulics=水利升降装置,low-riders用这个上下bounce
haters=嫉妒的人,讨厌的人
ho=hoe=whore=妓nv
hold sb down=back sb up,支持某人
holdin down=representin
holla=1-大声喊
holla back=回答,回复
Harlem Shake=一种快速晃动肩膀的舞
hood=黑人混或长大的地方
head job 同blow job口J
hard :厉害的。。比如,Eminem always spit hard
high roller:赚了很多钱,花得也大手比的那款人
homeboy :很亲近的男性朋友
homegirl :很亲近的女性朋友
hype:很好很被喜欢的,也有别的用法
hyper:强人
hustle:努力的
hustler:努力的成功的男人
I
i'ma=i'm about to
ice=有钻石的首饰项链
ill=sick=极好的
Ice Cream :指穿的很靓(亮)
I'm outtie 5000:意思说你要走了
J
jiggy=有魅力的
jacked:失窃了或偷
joint :指一个地方或一首歌等等很多
Jockin' :表示很喜欢Sth.或SB.。。比如
JAY-Z蓝图3的新歌---jockin' jay-z
K
killa=有魅力的人
kicks=鞋
kick it=chill,hang out
knot:指某人口袋里有很多钱
knocklehead:蠢人
L
low low=low rider 改装车
lil=little
lay back=休息,relax
let you slide :再给你一次机会
lighten up :事情会好的,天会亮的!
Lame:烂,浪费时间的
M
Mo=Moet=香槟酒名
M.O=motivation
make ends=赚钱
mack=mack 10=一种枪,上次搞错了。。。
ma=mama=mami=girl
O
oon the mission :有目的的做某事,歌词经常出现
on the rebound:就等于I Will see u later
off da hook(top,hinges)=极好的
P
props=respect 顶~~~
PJ=project=住房楼
perm=pimp的那种卷毛发型
punchline=一段妙语,里面有双关语或搞笑的内容
peepz=ppl=people
pop off=1-fight me; 2-shoot off
pimp=1-
皮条客,鸡头;2-有魅力的人,女人多的人,情夫
Packin':指某人衣服里有枪
Paper:钱,这个现在比较通用的
Piece :手枪,不是指你身上的那把
Play Out :同Corny,过时的
playa:有很多妞的人
phat:很酷很漂亮的
pockets are fat :口袋里肥水很多,就是你很多钱的意思
purple haze=一种大麻
R
raw:很自然的,很酷的
red bone:皮肤黑的发亮的尼格
roll up:开车到你想去的地方
rollin':指赚了很多钱或开车兜风
ride=1-车;2-开车,兜风
rims=车轮圈
ratchet=枪
retro=复古的
rep=represent
rock=钻石
S
scratch :DJ刮碟的那声音,DJ Premier的必杀计。。
Start From Scratch :GAME一首很好听的歌,意思是,从零开始。。
swag:范儿,很有样。。T.I.的swagga like us 就这意思。。
shades :太阳镜
Shank:小刀,同knife
sharp :穿得漂亮干净
same old same old :还是老样子
show you're right :表示赞同
Shortie=Shawty=short girl 小不点儿。。南部出现频率极高的一个词了。。
straight=str8=1-cool; 2-serious;
sho nuff=sure enough
sticky=形容大,麻很好
skunk=花状的大,麻
sack=床
street sweeper=机枪
spinners=停了还会转的轮圈
stunt=show off,ball
school of hard knocks=社会生活经验
sittin(ridin,rollin) on dubs(chromes,或者+车轮圈的尺寸)=开或坐着有nb轮圈的车
smash=to get some
scrilla=钱
shawty=shorty=girl,或者个子矮的人
straight up=no joke,for real
steez=style
shades=墨镜
slide with sb=与某人**
T
top down=敞着篷子开车的状态
twisted=high or drunk
toast=枪
throwback=复古球衣
(throw em bow***ows=elbows)=一种来自南部的甩胳膊肘的舞
telly=hotel
trip=犯傻,做错事
tight=极好的
Take Out :Kill
Throw Down :就是干架,指比较大的
W
wack=缺的,怪的,质量差的
wanksta=a gangsta wannabe
whip=车
weed carrier :帮扛大,麻的人,后来引伸为“小弟”。。比如,tony yayo是50的weed carrier
wheels:指车
wild style :很夸张的一种涂鸦风格
word或word up :表示同意
long beach:长滩,西岸的一个地方。G-FUNK在这里得到升华
213:就是长滩,snoop dogg,warren g,nate dogg
以前就组了个叫213的组合。。
bay area:西岸的一个地方,代表人物有E40,MASTER P以前也是这的,后来转到现在的
新奥尔良,创立了南部硬核帮匪说唱。。
The Boogie Down:纽约的
布朗克斯,也就是
hip-hop的发源地,
krs-one以前的组合就叫Boogie Down Production
The Bridge:就是皇后桥,纽约的。。nas,moob deep就是这的。。
C-Town:克利夫兰,代表的当然是骨头帮了。。
D-TOWN:就是底特律了。。阿姆的故乡咯。。
Compton:西岸的,eazy-e,还有the game就这的。。
主要特征
俚语的第一个特征是幽默风趣。例如,green hand被称为“新手”;Play hooky指“逃学”;black sheep是“捣蛋鬼”;“拍马屁”被称作Apple-polishing;“爱睡觉的人”被喻为sleepy head等等。又譬如,用Braindrain表示“人才外流”;Knockout表示“杰出人或物”;此类俚语既新奇又生动形象,听来趣味横生,富有幽默感,令人耳目一新,所以,立即会被许多人津津乐道和广为使用。
俚语的第二个特征是更新速度快。这是因为大多数俚语词追求新颖,所以必须不断翻新,以保持其新颖。举个例子:当你走在伦敦的大街上,如果看到No Fly Tipping的标牌时,您可千万别误以为是“别给小费”的意思,那样就要闹笑话了。它是英语中的一个俚语,意思是“不要随便扔垃圾”。Tipping在英语中是“倒垃圾”的一种古老的说法,大约在1838年开始被使用。根据牛津英语字典的解释:tipping是指“把卡车里的垃圾倒空”。后来就泛指所有的垃圾处理。在词组no fly tipping里,大家知道fly的本意和飞行有关。自从19世纪,它在俚语中就逐渐引申为“聪明”的意思,可近来它的词义又发生了转变,表示“不诚实”或“鬼鬼祟祟”。所以,fly tipping就变成了“鬼鬼祟祟地丢垃圾”了。这就是no fly tipping(不要随便扔垃圾)的来历了。
正因为俚语更新速度特别快,所以俚语才被称为是“真正活的语言”,随着新生事物、新的观念的产生,新的俚语词不断涌现,层出不穷,老的俚语词一旦失去了新鲜感,变得平淡无味时,就会被摒弃或者被新的俚语词取代。当然,俚语中也不断有已演变为标准词、口头语或成语的词。例如:Baby-sitter(临时保姆)、Highbrow(文化修养高的人)、Have a shot(打针)、Fogy(守旧保守的人)等。每一个俚语都有其自身的历史和流行的原因,时过境迁,或改变其义,或转为标准语,或销声匿迹,或继续用于某些局部地区。
俚语的第三个特征是比较口语化。许多俚语被看作是“粗俗的语言”,甚至还有不堪入耳的“禁忌语”(Taboo)。例如:Give me some skin(握个手吧),Hit the hay(睡觉吧),He is pretty lousy(那人真差劲儿),Have s fag(抽支烟),Look at that chick(瞧那个妞儿),等等。此类俚语都是比较粗俗或缺少礼貌的。所以在使用的过程中要学会识别此类俚语,切不可乱用。
文体功能
自18世纪以来,俚语有了惊人的发展。俚语不但在上流社会的口语领地占有了一席之地,而且还逐步潜入文学语言的大雅之堂。一些过去只能在下层社会流行的俗语粗话中的俚语词,被一些颇有教养的上层人物选来使用了。像
狄更斯(C.D~kensH基昔林R.KipUng)、
高尔斯华绥(J Galsworthy)等著名作家在他们的文学作品中就时常使用俚语。目的在于使语言生动活泼,文笔诙谐幽默,突出人物个性,使其更接近现实生活。
在当今美国社会,俚语为越来越多的人所接受并得到广泛的使用,传统的对俚语的各种成见正在迅速改变。如今,在美国无论是街头闲聊还是正式长和的高谈阔论,无论是文学作品还是新闻杂志,俚语无处不在。英语俚语虽然属于非标准英语,但在当今英语国家里十分流行。相当多的俚语词已经跻身于标准语言,不再被认为是俚语。像mob,bit,fun,bet,shabby,fad,job等我们非常熟悉的字眼,曾经都是俚语,但早已作为
标准词吸收入英语词汇。俚语作为语言的一个实际组成部分,其特征立意新奇,生动、形象,能增强语言表现力和想象力,所以它的文体功能随着流行率的提高而扩大。
使用方法
如何正确使用俚语
英国语言学家菲西安(B.A.Phythian)指出,“俚语是人们语言交流中极容易忽视的一个因素”。应当指出的是,对待俚语持绝对肯定或绝对否定的态度都是不太恰当的。在严肃场合或正式文体中尽量少用或不用俚语,避免哗众取宠和有伤大雅。但在非正式场合和随意交谈中,恰当使用俚语则可以丰富语言表达力,起到活跃气氛的作用。
一般来说,由于英语不是我们的母语,对其俚语我们往往把握不准,因此,在使用时一定要谨慎小心,首先要注意场合,切忌滥用,以免因用词不当而发生误会,甚至产生反作用。举个例子:die、kill表示“死,死亡”,是禁忌字。英美人不会说:“He is died”(人死了),他们会委婉的说:“He went to getrewards”(他去领奖了);如是军人就绝不会说:He was killed(他被杀了),他们会说:He fell in battle(他为国捐躯)。
综上所述,俚语的存在(并且不断在发展)是一个客观的语言现象,其使用范围较为普遍。对待俚语不应该采取一概拒绝或拈来就用的极端态度。我们应该根据实际情况少用,慎用,而不是排斥不用。在使用俚语之前,一定要注意交谈的场合、交谈的内容和交谈的对象,切忌随意滥用。除此之外,我们还要提高对俚语的翻译和理解能力,否则错误的翻译和理解会弄出很多笑话。