《凤凰和斑鸠》是一首诗歌,作者
莎士比亚(W. William Shakespeare;1564~1616)英国
文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人,欧洲
文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。
莎士比亚的代表作有
四大悲剧:《
哈姆雷特》(英:Hamlet)、《
奥赛罗》(英:Othello)、《
李尔王》(英:King Lear)、《
麦克白》(英:Macbeth)。
作家
四大喜剧《第十二夜》、《
仲夏夜之梦》、《
威尼斯商人》、《无事生非》(人教版教材称《皆大欢喜》)。历史剧:《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查二世》等。还写过154首十四行诗,二首长诗。
本·琼生称他为“时代的灵魂”,马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然
莎士比亚只用英文写作,但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字,其剧作也在许多国家上演。1616年4月23日病逝。
诗文
原文
Let the bird of loudest lay,
On the sole Arabian tree,
Herald sad and trumpet be,
To whose sound chaste wings obey.
But thou, shrieking harbinger,
Foul pre-currer of the fiend,
Augur of the fever's end,
To this troop come thou not near.
From this session interdict
Every fowl of tyrant wing,
Save the eagle, feather'd king:
Keep the obsequy so strict.
Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can,
Be the death-divining swan,
Lest the requiem lack his right.
And thou, treble-dated crow,
That thy sable gender mak'st
With the breath thou giv'st and tak'st,
'Mongst our mourners shalt thou go.
Here the anthem doth commence:
Love and constancy is dead;
Phoenix and the turtle fled
In a mutual flame from hence.
So they lov'd, as love in twain
Had the essence but in one;
Two distincts, division none:
Number there in love was slain.
Hearts remote, yet not asunder;
Distance, and no space was seen
'Twixt the turtle and his queen;
But in them it were a wonder.
So between them love did shine,
That the turtle saw his right
Flaming in the phoenix' sight:
Either was the other's mine.
Property was thus appall'd,
That the self was not the same;
Single nature's double name
Neither two nor one was call'd.
Reason, in itself confounded,
Saw division grow together;
To themselves yet either-neither,
Simple were so well compounded
That it cried how true a twain
Seemeth this concordant one!
Love hath reason, reason none
If what parts can so remain.
Whereupon it made this threne
To the phoenix and the dove,
Co-supreme and stars of love;
As chorus to their tragic scene.
THRENOS.
Beauty, truth, and rarity.
Grace in all simplicity,
Here enclos'd in cinders lie.
Death is now the phoenix' nest;
And the turtle's loyal breast
To eternity doth rest,
Leaving no posterity:--
'Twas not their infirmity,
It was married chastity.
Truth may seem, but cannot be:
Beauty brag, but 'tis not she;
Truth and beauty buried be.
To this urn let those repair
That are either true or fair;
For these dead birds sigh a prayer.
译文
让那歌喉最响亮的鸟雀,
飞上独立的凤树的枝头,
一切飞禽都和着拍子跳跃。
可是你叫声刺耳的狂徒,
你魔鬼的邪恶的信使,
死神的忠实的信士,
千万别走近我们的队伍。
都不容走近我们的会场,
只除了鹰,那羽族之王:
葬礼的尊严不容玩忽。
让那身穿着白色袈裟,
懂得死亡之曲的牧师,
唱出死神来临的挽诗,
并由他领着作弥撒。
还有你寿长过人的乌鸦,
也必须参加哭丧的队伍,
你生来穿着黑色的丧服,
开口就像哭不用作假。
接着他们唱出送丧的哀辞,
爱情和忠贞已经死亡;
凤和鸠化作一团火光
一同飞升,离开了尘世。
它们是那样彼此相爱,
仿佛两者已合为一体;
分明是二,却又浑然为一:
是一是二,谁也难猜。
两颗心分开,却又在一起;
斑鸠虽和它的皇后分开,
它们之间却并无距离存在:
这情景只能说是奇迹。
爱情在它俩之间如电光闪灼,
斑鸠借着凤凰的眼睛,
就能清楚地看见自身:
彼此都认为对方是我。
物性仿佛已失去规矩,
本身竟可以并非本身,
形体相合又各自有名,
两者既分为二又合为一。
理智本身也无能为力,
它明明看到合一的分离,
二者全不知谁是自己,
这单一体原又是复合体。
它不禁叫道,“多奇怪,
这到底是二还是一!
这情景如果长存下去,
理智将变作爱情的奴才。”
因此它唱出一首哀歌,
敬献给凤凰和斑鸠,
这爱情的明星和旗手,
吊唁它们的悲惨结果。
哀歌
美、真、至上的感情,
如此可贵,如此真纯,
现在竟一同化作灰烬。
凤巢现在已不复存在;
那斑鸠的忠贞情怀,
此一去,永远难再。
也未留下后代儿孙——
这并非因它们身体有病,
而是因为婚后仍童身。
从今后,再说真,是谎,
再有美,不过是假相,
真和美已被埋葬。
不真不美的也别牢骚,
这骨灰瓶可以任你瞧,