关系词是在英语中引导
定语从句的词。它分为
关系副词和
关系代词。关系词作为
英语语法的一个重要组成部分,在
英语教育中有很重要的位置。一般中国的学校在初中会教授关系词的知识。
基本概念
基本分类
关系副词
序言
关系副词可代替的
先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在
从句中作状语。
which结构
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系代词
基本关系代词
(1)关系代词有that, which, who,
whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what。
who,whom,that
这些词代替的
先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在
从句中所起作用如下:
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在
从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在
从句中作宾语)
Whose指人或物
(只用作定语, 若
指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替)
(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那
人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
which,that
它们所代替的
先行词是事物的名词或代词,在
从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
as
as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可以省略,指人或者物。
how,why