解释
常见的有以下六种情况:
一、如果主句是将来时或表示将来含义时,那么条件和时间状语从句多用一般现在时
如: When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients/ I want to be a nurse and look after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.
我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
三、如果主句是含有
情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时
如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room
在阅览室时应保持安静。
四、 如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时 , 祈使句应用not to....
如:“Don'tclose the window if the rain stops,” she said.
→She said not to close the window if the rain stops.
常见的时间状语从句的连词有:as soon as,when,while ,as,until等
五、主将从现说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的
主从复合句中,如果主句的时态是
一般将来时,那么从句要用一般现在时。
例如:I will tell him about it when he comes.
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.
六、如果主句的时态是
过去将来时,那么从句要用
一般过去时 。例如:
He said that he would have another try if he had the chance.
I knew he could help me if he was free the next day.
主要标志有:if 、unless 、until、 when 、as soon as等。
构成
Ⅰ.(if 从句) 主句
v./ v.三单 will+v.
Ⅱ. if+sb+v./ v.三单 can+v.
某事很
可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如:
If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
If you
have finished the homework, you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用
一般过去时或
过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如:
If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier, if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是
交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些。
If he runs, he’ll get there
in time. 如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿。
The cat will scratch you, if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。
2.if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/can
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾再大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。
If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。
3.if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥,你必须少吃
面包。
4.if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时
If you
heat ice, it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。
If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。
If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来结账。
原则
分别主句与从句:简单而言主句就是问题的中心所在。一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中。所以判断主从关系要从意思入手。或者根据
引导词来看,引导词的后面是从句。
定语从句主要修饰名词与代词.主要
关系词有;who whom whose which that when where why
表语从句置于连
系动词后面做表语。
时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since,
till, once,
as soon as,etc.
原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that, etc.
目的状语从句 in order that,
so that, that, etc.
结果状语从句 so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.
条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.
让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though,
however, whatever, as,etc.
比较状语从句 as…as, so…as,
than, etc.
方式状语从句 as,
as if, as though, etc.
条件状语从句中,如果主句是
一般将来时,从句要用
一般现在时。