添加/删除应用程序无法安装和删除某些更高级的软件包，比如 Apache 网络服务、PHP 编程语言或 Scribus。这时，就得用新立得软件包管理器。

（启动）Getting Started

To launch Synaptic, choose System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager.

要运行新立得，点击系统 > 系统管理 > 新立得软件包管理器（System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager）。

The main window is divided into three sections: a package browser on the left, the package list on the upper right, and package details on the lower right. The status bar shows you the system state at a glance.

新立得的主窗口分为三个部分：左边是一个包浏览器，右上方是包列表以及右下方的包详细信息。状态栏显示系统的总体状态。

（浏览软件包数据库）Browsing the package database

To browse the (very large) list of available packages by category, section, package status, custom filters, or recent searches. Click on the corresponding button at the bottom of the left window pane. You can also create your own filters. See the filters Filters section for details.

如果要按分类、类别、状态、自定义过滤器或者最近搜索来浏览软件包列表（巨大）。点击窗口左下角相应的按钮。也可以自定义过滤器。关于过滤器的详细信息，请参考filters Filters一节。

To search for packages by name or description, click on the Search button in the toolbar:

点击工具栏上的搜索（Search）以名称或者描述来搜索软件包：

You can examine a number of package details in the lower right window pane such as its size, its dependencies, recommended or suggested additional packages, and a short description.

可以查看右下角面板上的一系列关于选定软件包的详细信息，例如大小、依赖关系、推荐或建议的额外软件包以及一段简短的描述。

（添加或删除软件）Adding or Removing Software

To install a package

安装一个软件包 ：

Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

点击刷新（Reload）或者按下Ctrl + R来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。

Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Installation from the context menu, or press Ctrl + I. If the package requires the installation of another package, a dialog box appears:

右键点击需要的软件包，然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便安装（Mark for Installation）或者按下 Ctrl + I.

Synaptic will warn you if your choices conflict with packages that are already installed on your system. If this is the case, the dialog box will show you any packages that need to be removed. If you are not sure you don't need the package(s) that will be removed, make sure you look up its function and use before you apply the changes you've made.

如果所选择的软件包与系统中已经安装了的软件包有冲突，新立得会给予警告。如果确有冲突发生，一个对话框将提示需要删除的软件包。如果不确定已经不需要将要被删除的软件包，那么在确认之前，请务必先查看这些软件包的功能和作用。

Click Mark to allow the installation of the additional package(s).

点击标记（Mark）来安装所需的额外软件包。

Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

当有满意的选择后，点击工具栏上的应用（Apply）按钮或者按下Ctrl + P。

A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made.

这时会出现一个摘要所作更改的对话框。

Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

点击应用（Apply）按钮来确认更改。

To remove or 'completely remove' a package

删除或者彻底删除一个软件包

Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Removal from the context menu

右键点击需要删除的软件包，然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便删除（Mark for Removal）。

Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

当有满意的选择后，点击工具栏上的应用（Apply）按钮或者按下Ctrl + P。

A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用（Apply）按钮来确认您的更改。

The Mark for Complete Removal option instructs Synaptic to remove any configuration files associated with the package as well. 标记以便彻底删除（Mark for Complete Removal）选项会使新立得同时删除所有与软件包相关的配置文件。

（升级一个软件包）To upgrade a package

Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

点击刷新（Reload）或者按下Ctrl + R来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。

Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Upgrade from the context menu, or press Ctrl + U.

右键点击需要的软件包，然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便升级（Mark for Upgrade''''）或者按下 Ctrl + U.

Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

当您满意您的选择後，点击工具栏上的应用（Apply）按钮或者按下Ctrl + P。

A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用（Apply）按钮来确认您的更改。

（管理软件仓库）Managing Repositories

You can manage the list of repositories or software channels from the Software Preferences Panel. To learn more about managing software channels in Ubuntu, see the Ubuntu Repositories wiki page. You can call up the software preferences panel from within Synaptic by selecting Repositories from the Settings menu.

您可以软件首选项面板来管理软件仓库或软件频道。您可以通过设置菜单中的软件库命令来打开软件软件首选项。

As a front-end to apt, Synaptic uses the system-wide list of software repositories file located at

/etc/apt/sources.list For more on managing software channels, see the Repositories wiki page. 作为apt的前端，新立得使用系统系统己的软件仓库配置文件：

/etc/apt/sources.list

（更新软件包列表）Updating the Package List

Synaptic maintains a database of packages on your system in order to keep track of installed software. This list is checked against the software repositories to inform you of new packages or updates. Synaptic checks for new software packages when you launch Synaptic. It's a good idea to update the database from time to time while running Synaptic. In particular, you may want to do so if you have made changes to the list of software channels or if you have made changes to Synaptic's configuration. Just click on the Reload button or press Ctrl + R.

新立得维护了一个关于您系统上所有软件包的数据库来追踪您系统上安装了的软件包。新立得通过检查软件仓库来更新数据库，这样它就可以提示您新的软件包或者已有软件包的升级。新立得在启动时检查新的软件包。在运行新立得时时常更新数据库是个不错的选择。特别是当您改变了软件仓库列表或者更改了新立得的设置时，您可能需要立即更新数据库。需要更新只需点击工具栏上的刷新（Reload）按钮或者按下Ctrl + R。

（如何使您的系统保持最新）How to keep your system up-to-date

Synaptic provides two methods for upgrading your system:

新立得提供两种方式来更新您的系统：

Smart Upgrade (Dist-Upgrade) -- recommended

The smart upgrade method tries to resolve package conflicts. This includes installing additional dependencies (required packages) if needed and preferring packages with higher priority. Smart Upgrade has the same effect as the apt-get dist-upgrade tool on the command line. d

智能升级(Dist-Upgrade) -- 推荐

智能升级会试图解决软件包之间冲突的问题。这包括在需要时安装额外的依赖关系（需要的软件包）或者选择具有较高优先级的软件包。智能升级与命令行上的apt-get dist-upgrade具有同样的效果。

Default Upgrade

The default upgrade method marks upgrades of installed packages only. If the new version of a package depends on not installed packages or coflicts with an already installed package, it will not be upgraded.

默认升级

默认升级仅仅标记所有已安装软件包的升级。如果新版本的软件包依赖于尚未安装的软件包或者于已安装的软件包冲突，升级将不会继续。

Dist-upgrade is the default upgrade method used by Synaptic. To change the upgrade method, choose Preferences from the Settings menu, then click on the General tab and adjust the System upgrade entry. 智能升级是新立得默认的升级方式。如果希望改变升级方式，选择设置（Settings）菜单下的首选项（Preferences），点击常规信息（General）选项卡，然後调整系统升级（System upgrade）项。

（ 要使用新立得升级您的系统：）To upgrade your system with Synaptic:

Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

点击刷新（Reload）或者按下Ctrl + R来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。

Click Mark all Upgrades or press Ctrl + G.

点击工具栏上的标记所有软件包以便升级（Mark all Upgrades）按钮或者按下Ctrl + G。

Click Apply on the toolbar or press Ctrl + P. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system.

点击工具栏上的应用（Apply）按钮或者按下Ctrl + P。* 这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。

Click Apply to confirm the changes and go ahead with the upgrade.

点击应用（Apply）来确认您的更改并继续升级。

（与更新管理器(Update-Manager)的集成）Integration with Update-Manager

Synaptic works hand-in-hand with Update-Manager to inform you about updates to the software installed on your system. If software or security updates are available, Update-Manager will display a pop-up message and an icon in the notification area on your GNOME desktop. To update your system, click on the notification icon, enter your password and click OK.

新立得与更新管理器（Update-Manager）紧密合作来提示您您系统上安装的软件包的升级。如果有软件或者安全更新，更新管理器会在您的GNOME桌面的通知区域显示一个图标。要升级您的系统，点击通知区域的图表，输入您的密码，然後点击OK。

You can change the frequency of update checks in the Software Preferences panel. Choose Repositories from the Settings menu, then click on the Internet Updates tab and adjust the Check for updates entry.

您可以通过软件首选项面板（Software Preferences）改变检查更新的频率。选择设置（Settings）菜单下的首选项（Preferences），点击Internet Updates（Internet Updates）选项卡，然後调整自动检查更新（Check for updates）项。

（定位你系统上的软件）Locating software on your system

Synaptic can tell you about every file that belongs to a software package it knows about and show you where it is located on your system. Search the database for the software package you are interested in and select it in Synaptic's main window. Next, click on the Installed Files tab to see a list of all files and where they are.

新立得可以告诉您它所知道的一个包内所有的文件的位置。在数据库中搜索您感兴趣的软件包，然後在新立得的主窗口中选中它。接着，点击已安装的文件（Installed Files）选项卡来查看每个文件的位置。

（查看软件包的变更日志）View the Changelog of a Package

Applies to native Debian (.deb) packages only

仅适用于原生Debian(.deb)包

You can view the changelog of a package with Synaptic. Select a package, then choose Download Changelog from the Package menu.

您可以用新立得来查看一个软件包的变更日志。选定一个软件包，然後选择软件包（Package）菜单下的下载变更日志（Download Changelog）。

（查看历史）View History

You can easily keep track of all changes made to your system's software configuration. To view the history log file, choose History from the File menu.

您可以非常简单得追踪所有新立得对您的系统作的改动。要查看历史日志文件，选择文件（File）菜单下的历史（History）。

The history log only shows changes made with Synaptic.

历史日志仅仅显示新立得所作的更改。

（如何强制安装某个版本的软件包）How to force the installation of a package version

To be added: Why you would (and would not) want to force a specific version

将要添加：为什么您会希望（或者不再希望）强制安装某个版本的软件

To force the installation of a package different from the one chosen by Synaptic, do the following:

要强制安装一个软件包不同于新立得选择的版本，如下操作：

Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

点击刷新（Reload）或者按下Ctrl + R来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。

Select the package. Choose Force Version from the Package menu.

选定需要改变的软件包。选择软件包（Package）菜单下的强制版本(Force Version)。

Select the version you would like to use. To confirm your decision, click Force.

选择您想使用的版本。点击强制(Force)来确人您的决定。

Click Apply on the toolbar or press Ctrl + P. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system. To confirm, press Apply.

点击工具栏上的应用（Apply）按钮或者按下Ctrl + P。这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用（Apply）来确认。

（如何修复软件包）How to fix broken packages

'Broken packages' are packages that have unsatisfied dependencies. If broken packages are detected, Synaptic will not allow any further changes to the system until all broken packages have been fixed.

'毁损的软件包'是指那些没有满足依赖关系的软件包。如果新立得检测到毁损的软件包，它将不允许在这些毁损的软件包被修复前对系统作任何改变。

To fix broken packages

修复毁损的软件包

Choose Edit > Fix Broken Packages from the menu.

选择编辑（Edit)菜单下的修正损毁的软件包（Fix Broken Packages）。

Choose Apply Marked Changes from the Edit menu or press Ctrl + P.

点击编辑（Edit）菜单下的实施标记的更新（Apply Marked Change）或者按下Ctrl + P。

Confirm the summary of changes and click Apply.

点击应用（Apply）按钮来确认您的更改。

Anchor(statusicons)

Status Icons（状态图标）

The following icons are used to indicate the status of a package in the package list:

以下这些图标用于表示软件包列表中软件包的状态：

（新立得的快捷键）Keyboard shortcuts for Synaptic

.

Browser works, Synaptic will not (note: probably inaccurate or outdated)

浏览器正常工作，但是新立得却有问题（注：描述可能不准确或者已经过时）

If the router is set to auto discover DNS then Synaptic will fail. Resolve this by setting up a static ip address and manually set DNS ip in router. Now Ubuntu (system-administration-networking) config static ip and enter your ISP dns ip and delete router DNS ip which will look something like 192.168.1.1

路由器设置为自动检测DNS，新立得就无法工作：可以通过静态ip地址以及手动设置路由器的DNS来解决此问题。使用Ubuntu（系统-系统管理-联网)配置静态ip，然後输入您的ISP的DNS的ip地址然後删除路由器的DNS的ip地址，可能是类似 192.168.1.1 这样。