《希腊古瓮颂》 (Ode on a Grecian Urn) 为
济慈所作的一首诗歌。济慈,全名
约翰·济慈 John Keats(1795年—1821年),出生于18世纪末年的
伦敦,他是杰出的
英国诗作家之一,也是浪漫派的主要成员。
简介
《希腊古瓮颂》为19世纪初
浪漫主义诗人约翰·济慈的作品。创作于1819年五月,于1820年匿名发表在杂志《Annals of the Fine Arts》。
约翰·济慈一生写出了大量的优秀作品,其中包括《圣艾格尼丝之夜》《
秋颂》《
夜莺颂》等名作,表现出诗人对大自然的强烈感受和热爱,为他赢得巨大声誉。
济慈诗才横溢,与雪莱、拜伦齐名。他生平只有25岁,但其遗下的诗篇一直誉满人间,被认为完美地体现了西方
浪漫主义诗歌的特色,并被推崇为欧洲
浪漫主义运动的杰出代表。他主张“美即是真,真即是美”,擅长描绘自然景色和事物外貌,表现景物的色彩感和
立体感,重视
写作技巧,语言追求华美,对后世抒情诗的创作影响极大。诗歌译者,
查良铮先生。
诗文
原文
Ode on a Grecian Urn
--by John Keats
1.
THOU still unravish'd bride of quietness,
Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who
canst thus express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape
Of deities or mortals, or of
both,
In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?
What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?
What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?
2.
Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:
Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,
Though winning near the goal—yet, do not grieve;
She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
3.
Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed
Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;
And, happy melodist, unwearied,
For ever piping songs for ever new;
More happy love! more happy, happy love!
For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,
For ever panting, and for ever young;
All breathing human passion far above,
That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,
A burning forehead, and a parching
tongue.
4.
Who are these coming to the sacrifice?
To what green altar, O mysterious priest,
Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,
And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?
What little town by river or sea shore,
Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,
Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?
And, little town, thy streets for evermore
Will silent be; and not a soul to tell
Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.
5.
O Attic shape!
Fair attitude! with brede
Of marble men and maidens overwrought,
With forest branches and the trodden weed;
Thou, silent form, dost tease us
out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
中文释义
希腊古瓮颂
作者:约翰·济慈
译者:查良铮
1.
你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子,
受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育,
呵,田园的史家,你竟能铺叙
一个如花的故事,比诗还瑰丽:
在你的形体上,岂非缭绕着
古老的传说,以绿叶为其边缘;
讲着人,或神,敦陂或阿卡狄?
多热烈的追求!少女怎样地逃躲!
2.
听见的乐声虽好,但若听不见
却更美;所以,吹吧,柔情的风笛;
不是奏给耳朵听,而是更甜,
它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲;
树下的美少年呵,你无法中断
你的歌,那树木也落不了叶子;
鲁莽的恋人,你永远、永远吻不上,
虽然够接近了——但不必心酸;
她不会老,虽然你不能如愿以偿,
你将永远爱下去,她也永远秀丽!
3.
呵,幸福的树木!你的枝叶
不会剥落,从不曾离开春天;
幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇,
他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜;
呵,更为幸福的、幸福的爱!
永远热烈,正等待情人宴飨,
永远热情地心跳,永远年轻;
幸福的是这一切超凡的情态:
它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤,
没有炽热的头脑,焦渴的嘴唇。
4.
这些人是谁呵,都去赶祭祀?
这作牺牲的小牛,对天鸣叫,
你要牵它到哪儿,神秘的祭司?
或哪个静静的堡寨山村,
呵,小镇,你的街道永远恬静;
再也不可能回来一个灵魂
告诉人你何以是这么寂寥。
5.
哦,希腊的形状!唯美的观照!
上面缀有石雕的男人和女人,
沉默的形体呵,你象是“永恒”
使人超越思想:呵,冰冷的牧歌!
等暮年使这一世代都凋落,
只有你如旧;在另外的一些
忧伤中,你会抚慰后人说:
“美即是真,真即是美,”这就包括
你们所知道、和该知道的一切。